Network app usually run one end systems
사용자와 가장 밀접한 계층이며, Interface 역할을 한다
Socket Programming as a transport service for using Transport Layer
- types of messages exchanged like request and response
- message syntax and how fields are delineated
- message semantics for what meaning of information in fields
- rules for when and how processes send & respond to message
Application Layer Paradigm
Application layer requirement check (yes or no)
Data integrity, timing, throughput and security