Cancer Vaccine

Cancer vaccine development is challenging because cancer-derived neoantigens are difficult to distinguish from normal proteins, making immune response induction difficult, and there is no comparison or benchmarking between modalities (mRNA, peptide, DNA, etc.). The core problem is that the process of accurately predicting and presenting neoantigens and verifying their interaction with T-cell receptors (TCRs) is extremely complex, with prediction algorithms having immunogenicity hit rates of less than 5%.