Rationalism vs. Empiricism
In its most general terms, the dispute between rationalism and
empiricism has been taken to concern the extent to which we are
dependent upon experience in our effort to gain knowledge of the
external world. It is common to think of experience itself as being of
two kinds: sense experience, involving our five world-oriented senses,
and reflective experience, including conscious awareness of our mental
operations. The distinction between the two is drawn primarily by
reference to their objects: sense experience allows us to acquire
knowledge of external objects, whereas our awareness of our mental
operations is responsible for the acquisition of knowledge of our
minds. In the dispute between rationalism and empiricism, this
distinction is often neglected; rationalist critiques of empiricism
usually contend that the latter claims that all our ideas originate
with sense experience.
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/rationalism-empiricism/