Merkle–Damgård construction
In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle–Damgård_construction