Non-Malleability

변조불가능성 like Man-in-the-middle

A scheme is malleable if it is possible to modify a ciphertext and thereby cause a predictable change to the plaintext. So, Malleability can be dangerous.

Provable security is not sufficient to imply non-malleability. (

One-time Pad is trivially malleable). Secrecy and integrity are orthogonal concerns.

Confidentiality (Provable security) + Origin Authentication = Non Malleability

How to fix

CRC 완전히 달성은 못함

Man-in-the-middle attack

In cryptography and computer security, a man-in-the-middle[a] (MITM) attack, or in-path attack, is a cyberattack where the attacker secretly relays and possibly alters the communications between two parties who believe that they are directly communicating with each other, as the attacker has inserted themselves between the two parties.[9]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man-in-the-middle_attack

Non-Malleability

변조불가능성 like Man-in-the-middle

How to fix

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