Seonglae ChoBottlenecks on graphs via curvature
Oversquashing is a topological bottleneck due to the low curvature volume; geometric distortion.
When information from a distant node reaches node , the amount of information transmitted decreases exponentially according to the graph's curvature.
At this point, the Determinant of the Jacobian Matrix creates a bottleneck.
Understanding over-squashing and bottlenecks on graphs via curvature
Most graph neural networks (GNNs) use the message passing paradigm, in which node features are propagated on the input graph. Recent works pointed to the distortion of information flowing from...
https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.14522
arxiv.org
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.00928v1