Ruby adds a new core class called Data to represent simple immutable value objects
Ruby 3.1 adds a new core class called Data to represent simple immutable value objects. The Data class helps define simple classes for value-alike objects that can be extended with custom methods. While the Data class is not meant to be used directly, it can be used as a base class for creating custom value objects.
https://blog.saeloun.com/2022/11/22/data-immutable-object