Seonglae ChoConsciousness arises where information is integrated
According to IIT, if information is integrated even slightly within a small unit of matter, consciousness can arise there. Consciousness is not exclusive to humans or higher organisms; rather, IIT assumes that when matter has a complex structure capable of integrating information, consciousness can emerge anywhere as a fundamental property inherent in matter itself.
In other words, according to Giulio Tononi, consciousness is not a quantum jump that is absent in inanimate matter and suddenly appears in living things; it is a continuous spectrum that can arise at many different levels of matter. When quantified with , the Forward Forward Algorithm and the Attention Mechanism integrate less information than neuromorphic-inspired neural networks.
Although the cerebellum contains roughly 80% of the brain's neurons, it lies outside the regions supporting consciousness: a person can lack a Cerebellum and still have genuine conscious experience. Damage to the thalamus and cortex, by contrast, does disrupt consciousness — which suggests that what matters is not the sheer amount of information processing but the complexity with which information is mutually integrated.
That is, the continual emergence of complex structures involving recurrent feedback greatly increases and endows the system with conscious experience. What this recursion implies is also connected to the paradoxes of formal mathematical systems. As with Gödel, a system can follow all of its own rules and still yield contradictory results that cannot be explained from within the system. The mystery of consciousness may therefore be hidden inside Gödel-style loops that can harbor the paradox of self-reference. As Douglas Hofstadter put it, the loops that arise in formal mathematical systems are precisely what allow such systems to refer to themselves and speak about themselves, and thus to become self-aware.
In complexes with such high values, self-causation emerges through recursive loops in which the system is both cause and effect of itself. Through this intrinsic causal power, the structure continuously exchanges signals within itself and determines its own states. The idea that such recursive feedback loops could generate the consciousness of living beings was popularized in 1979 by Gödel, Escher, Bach.
Integrated information theory Notion
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