Pointwise mutual information (PMI) [−∞,∞]
Negative PMI values are harder to interpret and evaluate; relatedness is easier to evaluate as opposed to un-relatedness
PMI(xi,cj)=logp(wi)⋅p(cj)p(wi,cj)Positive Pointwise mutual information (PPMI)
PPMI(xi,cj)=max(PMI(xi,cj),0)