Variable substitution in SLD - GeoServer 2.17.x User Manual
Variable substitution in SLD is a GeoServer extension (starting in version 2.0.2) that allows passing values from WMS requests into SLD styles. This allows dynamically setting values such as colors, fonts, sizes and filter thresholds.
https://docs.geoserver.org/stable/en/user/styling/sld/extensions/substitution.html