Performance improvements now focus on specialized hardware (networking, accelerators)
- CPU / Memory: Nearly stagnant on performance/dollar basis
- CPU: ~2–3× improvement over 10 years (~2× excluding Graviton)
- DRAM: Capacity/dollar essentially flat, bandwidth increase ~2× when cost-adjusted
- Networking: Explosive improvement
- Bandwidth/dollar 10×, absolute speed 10→600 Gbps
- Nitro-based network-specialized instances leading the way
- NVMe storage: Most shocking stagnation
- Cloud NVMe performance/dollar has barely improved since 2016
- i3 (2016) still offers best price-performance
- On-prem continues improving with PCIe4/5 → gap widening
Cloudspecs: Cloud Hardware Evolution Through the Looking Glass
This paper (CIDR'26) presents a comprehensive analysis of cloud hardware trends from 2015 to 2025, focusing on AWS and comparing it with ot...
https://muratbuffalo.blogspot.com/2026/01/cloudspecs-cloud-hardware-evolution.html
intel stacked nanosheet
Full Page Reload
https://spectrum.ieee.org/nanoclast/semiconductors/devices/intels-stacked-nanosheet-transistors-could-be-the-next-step-in-moores-law
Intel's Take on the Next Wave of Moore's Law
The next wave of Moore's Law will rely on a developing concept called system technology co-optimization, said Ann B. Kelleher, general manager of technology development at Intel in an interview with IEEE Spectrum ahead of her plenary talk at the 2022 IEEE Electron Device Meeting (IEDM).
https://spectrum.ieee.org/whats-next-for-moores-law

Moore's Law for Everything
My work at OpenAI reminds me every day about the magnitude of the socioeconomic change that is coming sooner than most people believe. Software that can think and learn will do more and more of the work that people now do. Even more power will shift from labor to capital.
https://moores.samaltman.com/

Transistor
MotherDuck: The Simple Joys of Scaling Up
Explores why scale-out became so dominant, whether those rationales still hold, and some joyful advantages of scale-up architecture.
https://motherduck.com/blog/the-simple-joys-of-scaling-up/


Seonglae Cho